What encompasses a population that shares identical social characteristics?

The correct answer is a cultural group because it specifically refers to a population that shares common social characteristics such as language, traditions, beliefs, and values. Cultural groups are often defined by their shared customs and heritage, which contribute to a common identity among the members. This shared cultural framework influences their behaviors, practices, and interactions within society.

While demographic groups can also encompass shared characteristics, they primarily focus on statistical data related to age, gender, income, and other measurable attributes, rather than specific social traits. Socially connected groups might refer to various types of networks formed around relationships, but this term does not necessarily imply a shared cultural foundation or social characteristics. Community groups refer to members of a locality working together for a common cause, but again, this is more about geographic or task-based connections than a shared cultural identity. Thus, the most precise definition of a population sharing identical social characteristics is found in the concept of a cultural group.