What is a research method that analyzes existing studies on a specific topic?

The chosen answer, which is a literature review, refers to a method of research that systematically examines existing studies, articles, and other literature on a specific topic to synthesize findings, identify trends, and establish a comprehensive understanding of the subject. This approach is integral in the research process as it allows researchers to gain insights from previously published work without the need to conduct primary research, thereby saving time and resources.

A literature review also helps to identify gaps in the current knowledge base, which can lead to the development of new research questions or hypotheses. By evaluating the quality and findings of existing studies, researchers can establish a foundation for their own work, ensuring that it is informed by the current state of research.

In contrast, the other methods listed involve different processes. Observation is a qualitative method focused on watching subjects in their natural environment without interaction. A case study provides an in-depth exploration of a particular instance or phenomenon, often involving primary data collection. A survey is designed to gather data directly from participants through questionnaires or interviews, which is different from analyzing pre-existing literature. Each method has its own unique purpose and application in research, while the literature review specifically serves to evaluate and compile existing knowledge on a topic.